{"id":2693,"date":"2023-08-18T17:01:43","date_gmt":"2023-08-18T14:01:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nazali.av.tr\/en\/?p=2693"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:13:58","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T15:13:58","slug":"anayasa-mahkemesinin-ismail-avci-basvurusu-hakkindaki-kararinin-belirsiz-alacak-davasi-bakimindan-incelenmesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nazali.av.tr\/en\/anayasa-mahkemesinin-ismail-avci-basvurusu-hakkindaki-kararinin-belirsiz-alacak-davasi-bakimindan-incelenmesi\/","title":{"rendered":"AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT\u2019S DECISION ON ISMAIL AVCI\u2019S PETITION IN THE CONTEXT OF A CLAIM FOR AN UNDETERMINED DEBT<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130\u2019N\u0130N \u0130SMA\u0130L AVCI BA\u015eVURUSU HAKKINDAK\u0130 KARARININ BEL\u0130RS\u0130Z ALACAK DAVASI BAKIMINDAN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burak YILMAZ<\/strong>, Avukat \/ O\u011fulcan DO\u011eAN<\/strong>, Avukat<\/td> <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6ZET<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

20 Nisan 2022 tarihli ve 31815 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete yay\u0131mlanan \u0130smail Avc\u0131 Ba\u015fvurusu\u2019nun konusu, alacak davas\u0131nda, davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuki yarar\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011fundan reddedilmesinin mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n uzun s\u00fcrmesi nedeniyle makul s\u00fcrede yarg\u0131lama hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihl\u00e2l etti\u011fine ili\u015fkindir. Anayasa Mahkemesi, \u0130smail Avc\u0131 Ba\u015fvurusu ile ilgili olarak verdi\u011fi kararla ko\u015fullar\u0131 olu\u015fmadan a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan belirsiz alacak davas\u0131nda davan\u0131n hukuki yarar yoklu\u011fu nedeniyle usulden reddedilmesini adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihl\u00e2li oldu\u011funa, ihl\u00e2lin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin ilk derece mahkemesine g\u00f6nderilmesine karar vermi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fbu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda belirsiz alacak davas\u0131n\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan ve niteliklerinden bahsedilerek Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin \u0130smail Avc\u0131 ba\u015fvurusu hakk\u0131ndaki karar\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda incelenecektir.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anahtar Kelimeler: <\/strong>K\u0131sm\u00ee Dava, Belirsiz Alacak Davas\u0131, Dava \u015eart\u0131, \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilik Alacaklar\u0131, Adil Yarg\u0131lanma Hakk\u0131, Mahkemeye Eri\u015fim Hakk\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

01.20.2011 tarihinde 6100 kanun numaras\u0131 ile y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun 105 ve devam\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinde dava \u00e7e\u015fitlerine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Talep edilen hukuki korumaya g\u00f6re davalar, tespit davas\u0131, eda davas\u0131 ve in\u015fai dava olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kanun\u2019da say\u0131lan bu davalar\u0131n her biri talep edilen hukuki korumaya g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 \u00f6zellikler bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun 107. maddesi ile T\u00fcrk Hukuku\u2019nda \u201cbelirsiz alacak davas\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan dava t\u00fcr\u00fcne de yer verilmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i alacaklar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ise belirsiz alacak davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda gerek \u00f6\u011fretide gerekse Yarg\u0131tay daireleri aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile i\u015f\u00e7i alacaklar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden a\u00e7\u0131lacak davalar\u0131n belirsiz alacak davas\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi \u0130smail Avc\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2019\/12190 say\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015fvurusuna ili\u015fkin Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu karar[1]<\/a> \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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  1.  <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. \n
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      1. KARARIN KISA \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u201cBelirsiz alacak davas\u0131, ilk kez 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nuyla getirilen bir dava t\u00fcr\u00fc olup davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak hesaplayamayan davac\u0131n\u0131n zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle hak kayb\u0131na u\u011framas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesini hedeflemektedir. B\u00f6ylece davac\u0131, dava dilek\u00e7esinde alaca\u011f\u0131n tam miktar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterme mecburiyetinden kurtulmakta; yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda tespit edilen ger\u00e7ek alacak miktar\u0131na -davan\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi yasa\u011f\u0131na tabi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ve zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 riskiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaks\u0131z\u0131n- kavu\u015fma imk\u00e2n\u0131 elde etmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla belirsiz alacak davas\u0131n\u0131n, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131ndan yararlanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan genel eda davas\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak baz\u0131 ek avantajlar getirdi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 107. maddesinin gerek\u00e7esinden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere belirsiz alacak davas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclme amac\u0131 hak arama h\u00fcrriyetinden yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak ve ki\u015filerin mahkemeye eri\u015fimlerini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Kanun koyucu, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak hesaplamas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda usule ili\u015fkin gereklilikler sebebiyle hak kayb\u0131na u\u011framas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla belirsiz alacak davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 imk\u00e2n\u0131 getirmi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle belirsiz alacak davas\u0131n\u0131n, esas\u0131n usule feda edilmesini \u00f6nlemeye y\u00f6nelik olarak getirilen bir hukuki \u00e7are oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olabilmesi i\u00e7in davan\u0131n hukuki yarar yoklu\u011fundan reddedilmesinin son \u00e7are olmas\u0131 gerekir. 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 119. maddesinde dava dilek\u00e7esinde talep sonucunun eksik olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde h\u00e2kimin davac\u0131ya eksikli\u011fi tamamlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir haftal\u0131k kesin s\u00fcre verece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 115. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda, dava \u015fart\u0131 noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmas\u0131 durumunda bunun tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kesin s\u00fcre verilece\u011fi ve bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde dava \u015fart\u0131 noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 giderilmemi\u015fse davan\u0131n dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011fu sebebiyle usulden reddedilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 31. maddesinde de h\u00e2kimin belirsiz veya \u00e7eli\u015fki g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klatma yetkisini haiz oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Belirtilen h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin usul\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenen dava dilek\u00e7elerinin usul\u00fcne uygun h\u00e2le getirtilmesi i\u00e7in h\u00e2kime g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yetkiler verdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. H\u00e2kime bu yetkilerin tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131 davac\u0131n\u0131n maddi hakk\u0131n\u0131n birtak\u0131m \u015fekil eksiklikleri sebebiyle usule feda edilmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi ve bu suretle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131ndan yararlanmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hatal\u0131 olarak belirsiz alacak davas\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi h\u00e2linde davan\u0131n genel eda davas\u0131 oldu\u011fu kabul edilerek ba\u015fvurucunun talep sonucunu netle\u015ftirmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurucuya s\u00fcre verilmesinin davan\u0131n usulden reddi bi\u00e7imindeki a\u011f\u0131r bir m\u00fcdahaleden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak bir ara\u00e7 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Daire, belirsiz alacak davas\u0131nda talebin a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 sebebiyle 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 119. maddesi uyar\u0131nca s\u00fcre verilemeyece\u011fini kabul etmi\u015f ise de davan\u0131n genel eda davas\u0131 olarak kabul\u00fc h\u00e2linde talep sonucunun eksik h\u00e2le gelece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Y\u00f6ntemince d\u00fczenlenmedi\u011fi kabul edilen bir dava dilek\u00e7esinin d\u00fczeltilmesi ve y\u00f6ntemine uygun h\u00e2le getirilmesi i\u00e7in s\u00fcre verilmesi ba\u015fvurucunun mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131ndan yararlanmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alacakt\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Kanun koyucunun davac\u0131lar\u0131n mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131ndan yararlanmalar\u0131n\u0131n kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla getirdi\u011fi belirsiz alacak davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma imk\u00e2n\u0131 somut olayda Dairenin kat\u0131 yorumu sebebiyle davac\u0131 aleyhine sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fvurucu, s\u0131rf dava dilek\u00e7esinde davas\u0131n\u0131n belirsiz alacak davas\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015f olmas\u0131 sebebiyle medeni hakk\u0131yla ilgili bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 mahkemede \u00f6ne s\u00fcrme hakk\u0131ndan mahrum kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucunun hatal\u0131 olarak belirsiz alacak davas\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 sadece belirsiz alacak davas\u0131yla getirilen avantajlardan yararlanamamas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furmam\u0131\u015f, genel eda davas\u0131yla elde edebilece\u011fi haklar\u0131 yitirmesine de yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Mahkemeye eri\u015fim y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ek avantajlar sa\u011flayan bir davan\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n bu ek avantajlar\u0131n izalesiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir etki do\u011furmas\u0131 makul kar\u015f\u0131lanabilir. B\u00f6yle bir durumda ki\u015finin bu ek imk\u00e2nlardan yararland\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furacak bir arac\u0131n se\u00e7ilmesinin ki\u015fiye a\u011f\u0131r bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirmesi yap\u0131labilir. Ne var ki ko\u015fullar\u0131 olu\u015fmadan belirsiz alacak davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle ki\u015finin belirsiz alacak davas\u0131yla getirilen avantajlardan yararlanamamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde mahrumiyetlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak m\u00fcdahaleler, son \u00e7are olarak kabul edilemez. Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucunun ko\u015fullar\u0131 olu\u015fmadan belirsiz alacak davas\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc, sadece ba\u015fvurucunun zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 veya davan\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi yasa\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili avantajlardan yararlanamamas\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmam\u0131\u015f; toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden kaynaklanan alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dava konusu etmesini b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle imk\u00e2ns\u0131z h\u00e2le getirmi\u015ftir.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Sonu\u00e7 olarak ba\u015fvurucunun, \u015fartlar\u0131 olu\u015fmadan a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirsiz alacak davas\u0131n\u0131n dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011fundan reddedilmesinin -usul hukukundaki imk\u00e2nlar g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde- ba\u015fvurulabilecek son \u00e7are olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Davan\u0131n hukuki yarar yoklu\u011fundan reddi suretiyle mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalede, medeni hakla ilgili uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden en etkili olan davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama amac\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in daha hafif m\u00fcdahale te\u015fkil eden arac\u0131n se\u00e7ilmesi yerine ba\u015fvurucunun mahkemeye eri\u015fimini imk\u00e2ns\u0131z k\u0131lan a\u011f\u0131r bir arac\u0131n tercih edilmesinin gereklilik \u015fart\u0131na uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Anayasa Mahkemesi a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihl\u00e2l edildi\u011fine karar vermi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n